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Universal Electric Heating Element Utilizing Shungite
Patent Pending
This invention pertains to the field of electrical engineering and introduces a universal electric heating element (UEHE) utilizing ground natural mineral shungite.
300% Energy Efficiency
We have developed a highly efficient heating element that outperforms standard models by an average of 330% in energy consumption efficiency. Originally, this innovation was designed for applications such as hydrate removal from wellbores.
How It Works
In the initial heating phase, the UEHE functions like a conventional heating element. Once the working temperature reaches 200°C, it maintains a temperature range of 200-240°C through voltage spikes of 10-15V. The temperature is regulated by a thermal controller, which sets both the upper and lower limits.
Laboratory Tests
Laboratory tests show that when subjected to heat treatment in the temperature range of 500-550°C, there is a significant increase in the number of pores ranging from 80-200 Å. This results in a considerable increase in both the total pore volume and the specific surface area of the shungite samples, enhancing the thermal effects.
The present invention pertains to electrical engineering and describes a universal electric heating element (UEHE) based on ground natural mineral shungite. Shungite is composed primarily of elemental carbon (C60 = 98.6-99.6 wt.%) with traces of nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), sulfur (S), hydrogen (H), and small amounts of metals. The UEHE consists of a shungite gel made from dry composite shungite powder sandwiched between two plates with “+” and “-” electrodes (Fig. 1). The dimensions of the plates are as follows: height "a" ranges from 1 cm to 5 cm; width "b" ranges from 3 cm to 10 cm; length "c" ranges from 1 cm to 10 cm.
The UEHE (Fig. 1) is a dry extract of shungite powder with inserted lattice-type electrodes made from materials such as copper, bronze, or aluminum. These electrodes are arranged in pairs, spaced 3-8 mm apart from the surface plane (top and bottom), as shown in Fig. 1.
The gel used to create the UEHE consists of X% distilled water and X% shungite powder, where X1 is a fraction of less than 30 µm, and X2 is a fraction of up to 100 µm.
This UEHE is designed to operate with both direct and alternating current. Its operational range is from 40°C to 500°C.
When powered by alternating current, the heating process is as follows: first, a voltage of up to 10 volts is applied to the UEHE, initiating initial heating to 90°C. Then, an impulse current of up to 30V is supplied to raise the temperature to 200-240°C. Upon reaching this temperature, the UEHE enters its operating mode, where the voltage is reduced to 10-15V. As the UEHE heats up, its resistance decreases to approximately 1 Ohm (semiconductor effect).
Water heating (1 liter) from 24°C to boiling (100°C) was performed multiple times, and the average results are presented in Table 1.
Comparative Characteristics of Water Heating by Electrical Appliances (AC)
During the initial heating phase, the UEHE behaves similarly to a conventional heating element. Once the temperature reaches 200°C, the UEHE maintains a working range of 200-240°C with “voltage spikes” between 10-15V. The temperature is regulated by a thermal controller, which sets both the upper and lower limits. Table 1 compares the heating characteristics of 1 liter of water using the UEHE heating element versus a standard spiral heating element with equivalent energy consumption.
In particular tests, the energy consumption difference compared to the standard device averages 147 watts, or 33% less. The electric element using shungite outperforms the traditional spiral-type heating element, offering significant energy savings. These savings occur due to the low resistivity of shungite (less than 1 Ohm).
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Power Source Compatibility:
Given that the UEHE operates within a voltage range of 5-12V, it is compatible with power sources such as batteries, rechargeable batteries, and solar panels. -
Recommended Heating Procedure:
For optimal performance, it is advised to initiate heating gradually. The heating voltage should not exceed the operating voltage by more than twice, as this helps to prevent issues such as smoke, burning, or other undesirable effects. -
Heat Treatment and Pore Structure Enhancement:
When subjected to further heat treatment within the temperature range of 500-550°C, a significant increase in the number of pores with dimensions between 80-200 Å occurs. This results in a notable increase in both the total pore volume and the specific surface area of the shungite samples, thereby enhancing the thermal effects. -
Alloying Additives for Improved Conductivity:
To improve electrical conductivity, alloying additives such as metal powders (copper, germanium, silver, gold, cobalt, titanium, aluminum, cadmium, chromium) and their alloys can be incorporated into the material. However, the inclusion of metal powder should not exceed 10% of the total mass of the shungite.
Industries and Applications
Petroleum, Oil & Gas
Transporting heavy oil, heating fields
Energy
Solar panels, heating systems, boiling systems
Military
Transportation, combat fields